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Turkmenistan

Asia

Turkmenistan is a land of rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes, featuring the mesmerizing Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as the 'Door to Hell'. The ancient cities of Merv and Ashgabat showcase spectacular architecture and historical significance, making it a treasure for explorers. Known for its warm hospitality, vibrant traditions, and unique crafts, Turkmenistan offers travelers an off-the-beaten-path experience infused with mystique and adventure.

Quick facts

Target stay

7-10 days

Cost

Standard

Safety

1 2 3 4 5

Medium

Language

Turkmen

(<20% speak English)

Known for

Beach

Hiking

Leisure

Wildlife

Best time to visit

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

10 Best Places to Visit in Turkmenistan

Sources:
Lonely Planet
National Geographic
Bradt Travel Guides
The Culture Trip
TripAdvisor
Fodor's Travel
+ more

1. Ashgabat

Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, is a dazzling city of white marble and unique architecture, including the impressive Turkmenbashi Palace and the Beyuk Mosque. Visitors are captivated by the vast parks, the grand Neutrality Monument, and the fascinating Museum of National History. The city also boasts a vibrant culture with local crafts and traditional cuisine, making it an appealing destination for those looking to experience something distinct and extraordinary.

Place type

City

Target stay

3-5 days

Vibe

History

Known for

2. Darvaza

Darvaza, also known as the Door to Hell, is a mesmerizing natural gas crater in Turkmenistan that has been burning for decades. This otherworldly site is known for its glowing flames and eerie ambiance, making it a mystical attraction for adventurous travelers. Visitors can camp nearby, watch the fiery spectacle at night, and explore the surrounding Karakum Desert. Its stark beauty and the surreal experience of witnessing the fire create an unforgettable backdrop, perfect for the intrepid traveler seeking something truly unique.

Place type

Cultural Site

Target stay

2-3 days

Vibe

Other

Known for

3. Merv

Merv, an ancient city in Turkmenistan, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its rich history, stunning mausoleums, and impressive ruins reflecting the Great Silk Road's legacy. Explore the monumental Kyz Kala fortress, the tranquil beauty of the architectural marvels like the Muhammad ibn Zayd Mausoleum, and the captivating remnants of this once-thriving oasis. Ideal for history buffs and cultural enthusiasts, Merv offers a unique glimpse into Central Asia's illustrious past.

Place type

City

Target stay

3-4 days

Vibe

History

Known for

4. Konye-Urgench

Konye-Urgench, an ancient oasis city in Turkmenistan, is renowned for its well-preserved Islamic architecture and historical significance. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, it features remarkable structures like the Kutlug Timur Minaret and the mausoleum of Turabeg Khanum. The city's blend of ancient history and culture, alongside the stunning desert surroundings, makes it a captivating destination for history buffs and adventure seekers alike.

Place type

City

Target stay

2-3 days

Vibe

History

Known for

5. Turkmenbashi

Turkmenbashi is a vibrant port city on the Caspian Sea, known for its stunning beaches, modern architecture, and rich cultural heritage. Visitors can explore the famous Türkmenbaşı Ruhy Mosque, the largest mosque in Turkmenistan, and relax on the pristine white sands of the Caspian coastline. The local market offers unique artisan goods, while the sea provides opportunities for boating and swimming. The blend of nature, culture, and modern life makes Turkmenbashi an appealing destination for travelers seeking a unique experience.

Place type

City

Target stay

3-5 days

Vibe

Relaxing

Known for

6. Gypjak

Gypjak, a serene village in Turkmenistan, is best known for its stunning architecture, particularly the impressive Turkmenbashi Spiritual Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Central Asia. Visitors are mesmerized by the intricate designs and peaceful surroundings that offer a glimpse into the rich Turkmen culture and spirituality. The locale also serves as a gateway to exploring the natural beauty of the Karakum Desert, making it an appealing destination for those seeking both cultural enrichment and tranquil landscapes.

Place type

Town

Target stay

2-3 days

Vibe

History

Known for

7. Yangykala

Yangykala is famed for its breathtaking landscapes characterized by dramatic cliffs and captivating canyons that display a vibrant palette of colors, especially at sunset. Visitors can explore the stunning Yangykala Canyon, a geologic wonder that showcases Turkmenistan's natural beauty. The fascinating history, including ancient petroglyphs, adds to its allure. The remote setting offers a serene escape into nature, ideal for adventure seekers and photographers looking to capture unusual vistas.

Place type

Region

Target stay

2-3 days

Vibe

Other

Known for

8. Nisa

Nisa, an ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage site, offers travelers a glimpse into Turkmenistan's rich history. Known for its impressive archaeological ruins and ancient fortifications, it is home to the remnants of the Parthian Empire. Visitors can explore the well-preserved structures, including the impressive fortress, and experience the tranquil desert landscape that surrounds this historical gem. The blend of culture, history, and stunning vistas makes Nisa a unique destination for those looking to delve into Central Asian heritage.

Place type

Cultural Site

Target stay

1-2 days

Vibe

History

Known for

9. Mary

Mary, Turkmenistan, is a captivating city known for its rich history and proximity to ancient Silk Road sites. The stunning Merw ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offer a glimpse into a thriving city of the past. Explore the vibrant local culture, visit the breathtaking Hammam museum, and enjoy the unique architecture influenced by different eras. With a growing reputation among adventurous travelers, Mary provides a unique blend of historical exploration and cultural experiences, making it an appealing destination.

Place type

City

Target stay

3-4 days

Vibe

History

Known for

10. Balkanabat

Balkanabat, the vibrant heart of Turkmenistan, is famous for its stunning landscapes and unique geological features. Visitors are drawn to the nearby Yangykala canyons, where striking cliffs painted in vivid colors rise dramatically from the earth. The town also serves as a gateway to the Karakum Desert, perfect for adventurous desert excursions. Balkanabat's rich culture and welcoming atmosphere provide a fascinating insight into Turkmen life, making it a must-visit destination for the intrepid traveler.

Place type

City

Target stay

3-5 days

Vibe

Other

Known for

Need to know, before you go

Country info

Tipping

Expected (~5-10%)

Tapwater

Not safe to drink

Safety

1 2 3 4 5

Medium

LGBTQ+ safety score

-14 (#189 globally)

Cost

Standard

Currency

Turkmenistan New Manat

Majority religion

Muslim

Language

Turkmen

(<20% speak English)

Best dishes to try

Rice Pilaf

Savory rice dish with meat and spices. (National dish)

Dograma

Bread salad with meat and vegetables.

Ichlekli

Stuffed pastry with meat and spices inside.

Shashlyk

Grilled skewered meat, often lamb or beef.

Manty

Dumplings filled with meat or pumpkin.

Phrases to learn

English

Turkmen

Hello

Salam

(Sah-lahm)

Yes/No

Hawa / Yok

(Ha-wa / Yok)

Thank you

Sagbol

(Sahg-bowl)

Excuse me

Bagyşlaň

(Bah-gush-lahn)

How much?

Näçe?

(Neh-cheh)